Cleft palate, with cleft lip, is one of the most common congenital anomalies of the head and neck in a man. And patients with cleft palate must face a diversity of difficulties from birth onward, which were parental emotional reaction, mechanical difficulties in feedings, airway obstruction, chronic otitis media, hearing imparement, and cosmetic, speech problems.
The etiologic factors of this anomalies have been experimentally and statistically studied by many scholars. But, unfortunately, little is known regarding the etiology and embryology of this malformation, and there is even disagreement as to their frequency of occurrance and their relationship to such elements as heredity and environmental factors.
So the authers retrospectively reviewed 362 patients with cleft palate who were admitted and treated at Yonsei-Medical center during the past 8 years period from Jan. 1970 to Ded. 1977 in order to evaluate the incidence of cleft palate, sex ratio, etiologic factors, post operative hospitalization, relationship of transfusion and Hb. change, time of operation, and speech improvement after operation.
The following results were obtained;
1. 27 babies of cleft lip and/or palate were born among 15749 deliveries, and so cleft birth rate was 1 : 585.
2. The cleft lip birth rate was 1 : 1449, cleft palate birth rate was 1 : 3125 and cleft lip and palate birth rate was 1 : 1449 as same as cleft lip.
3. Females were affected 1.5 times more than males in cleft palate alone, but in cleft palate and cleft lip, males were affected 4 times more than females.
4. Left side of lip was affected 1.6 times more than right side in complete cleft palate with cleft lip. And bilateral involvement in cleat palate was 26 cases (7.2%).
5. Cleft palate birth rete by incidence of month of birth, parity, and parental age was not statistically able to evaluate. And the distribution was insignificant in etiology of cleft palate.
6. In the incidence of prenatal history during first trimester, U.R.I. was occurred most frequently among the diseases, and herb medicine was most frequently administrated among the medications.
7. Presenting positive family history of cleft palate patients was only 19 cases and 5.2% of total numbers. Among the 19 cases, 11 cases were observed in complete cleft palate with cleft lip.
8. In blood type of cleft palate patients, A type was 37%, O type was 32%, B type was 25%, and AB type was 6%.
9. Number of total associated anomalies of cleft palate. was 12 cases(3.3%). : Pierre-Robin syndrome(4 cases), congenital Heart disease(3 cases), Tongue-tie(2 cases), Ear cleformity(2 cases) and club foot(1 case).
10. In incomplete and submucous cleft palate, Palatoplasty with 2 flaps was applied. And especially in bilateral type, palatoplasty with 4 flaps was applied. And rarely, on othere department, Von-Langenbeck palatoplasty was done.
11. 10 cases among 362 cases of cleft palate were operated at the age of adequate time which was between 1yr. and 2yr.
12. The patients who were operated at adequate time of operation, were revealed excellent post-op. speech improvement, but poor post-op. result was obtained at aged patients.
13. The total number of transfused group during operation was 87 cases(4.3%), and the mean amount of transfused blood was about 8.6ml/kg. And change of Hb. and Hct. was statistically insignificant in preop. and postop. data.
14. The average period of hospitalization was from 6 days and the percentage as revealed to 96.4%. And under the 5 days was noted in 4.9% of total cases.
15. Mortality was absent and complications were 30 cases(8.3%); U.R.I, Oronasal fistula, preumonia, bleeding and gastro-intestinal disease.
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